Probable Cause

Probable Cause Traffic Stop Expert

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The Offices Of Perry J Zucker, Degreed Engineers, are a well-respected and accomplished forensic engineering firm that has been operating successfully since 1993. Our team of professionals, including engineers, technicians, and support staff, specialize in handling cases related to police speeding and traffic control device violations during probable cause traffic stops.


Role and Responsibility of the Expert Witness - Engineer

An engineer expert witness (EEW) is an individual with specialized knowledge and experience in the field of engineering who aids the judicial system (judges, juries, and lawyers) in comprehending the technical complexities relevant to a case. Their role may involve elucidating the application of scientific principles in specific circumstances within the framework of laws and regulations. The EEW may provide testimony regarding the functionality of police speed measuring devices / traffic control devices, the geographic characteristics of a particular road, and the correct employment of the aforementioned device. It is important to emphasize that all of our conclusions are grounded in evidence-based data and are not rooted in speculation or junk science.

Here are the key responsibilities of an expert witness in such cases:

  1. Technical Explanation: The expert witness provides a detailed technical explanation of how speed measuring devices such as like radar, laser, lidar, pacing, timing operate, as well as traffic control devices.
  2. Accuracy and Reliability: They testify to the accuracy and reliability of the speed measuring device used in the case.
  3. Training and Certification: The expert witness outlines their own qualifications, training, and certification in using speed measuring devices. This helps establish their credibility in interpreting and presenting technical data to the court.
  4. Evidence Interpretation: They interpret the data obtained from the speed measuring device and explain its significance to the court. This includes clarifying how the speed measurement was taken, any relevant environmental conditions, and potential factors that may affect accuracy.
  5. Cross-Examination: During cross-examination, the expert witness defends their testimony against challenges from the defense. They may also address any discrepancies or alternative interpretations of the technical evidence presented.

Overall, the expert witness serves to educate the court on the technical aspects of the case, ensuring that judges and jurors can make informed decisions based on reliable evidence. Their role is critical in providing clarity and impartiality regarding the technical details of speed measurement in the context of traffic control device (signals / signs / pavement markings), traffic violation cases.



Probable Cause Definition

 "`A well-grounded suspicion that a crime has been or is being committed’”. The facts and circumstances must show a "`reasonable ground for belief of guilt.”(+).  Therefore, in order for a law enforcement official to make a lawful probable cause traffic stop, they must meet certain key elements, e.g. traffic ticket - speeding (radar, lidar, laser, pacing, gap time, VASCAR, Robic, ENRADD), traffic control device and equipment tickets, etc. (1) It is these type of cases, that a probable cause traffic stop expert witness will be critical, that may change the outcome of the said case.


Suppression Of Evidence - Expert

If the court determines that the evidence presented was obtained unlawfully or in an inappropriate manner, it may or may not admit the evidence in question. If the evidence is suppressed, it could weaken the case and hinder the ability to secure an indictment or conviction. For instance, in the case of a speeding violation where radar, laser, lidar, pacing, gap time, VASCAR, or Robic devices were utilized, if it is established that the speed measuring device was not accurately calibrated or properly operated, along with potential issues regarding the traffic control device, it could undermine the validity of the charges.


Probable Cause Traffic Stop Expert Witness

We can evaluate the data from these type of cases in which the veracity of the speed measuring device, such as radar, pacing / pace / clocking, gap time / vascar / robic, laser / lidar, vehicle equipment, failure to use turn signal (directional) and traffic control device (traffic: signals / lights and signs) in which the operation / type of said device of them are in question, from an engineer / expert witness / scientific / forensic / engineering point of view, site examination, as well as providing court expert witness testimony.  Watch Video >


Expert Witness Services

Includes the following states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey (NJ), New Mexico, New York / NY / New York City / NYC, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania (PA) , Rhodes Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

(+) In some States
(1) Wash. Congress, Congressional Research Services, US Supreme Court


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